10 Incredible Destinations to Experience in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, a vast nation brimming with breathtaking landscapes and rich history, is often overlooked in the travel narrative. Home to the largest landlocked country in the world, it features deserts, mountains, and vibrant urban centers that tell stories of ancient civilizations and modern achievements.

This incredible diversity is highlighted by its remarkable destinations, each offering a unique glimpse into the cultural fabric and natural beauty that define Kazakhstan. From lush national parks to cutting-edge cities, every location adds to the allure of this Central Asian gem.

In this article, we will explore ten incredible destinations in Kazakhstan that promise unforgettable experiences, showcasing everything from Almaty’s cultural heartbeat to the stunning tranquility of Kolsai Lakes and the awe-inspiring depths of Charyn Canyon.

Almaty: The Cultural Heart of Kazakhstan

Almaty, known as the “City of Apples,” sits at the foot of the majestic Tian Shan mountains. This historical city is a treasure trove of culture and natural beauty. Visitors can step into Kazakh history at the Central State Museum, home to countless artifacts that tell the nation’s story.

In Panfilov Park, the Zenkov Cathedral stands as a stunning example of Orthodox architecture from the Tsarist Era. Its design attracts both history buffs and architecture lovers. Almaty also boasts a vibrant cultural scene. The city teems with colorful markets where travelers can sample diverse Kazakh cuisine.

The nightlife in Almaty is lively, offering entertainment for all tastes. The city’s architecture is a blend of the old and the new. Beautiful structures crafted by renowned artisans narrate Almaty’s rich past and modern growth.

Here’s a quick list of what to explore:

• Central State Museum: Dive into Kazakh history.
• Panfilov Park & Zenkov Cathedral: Admire architectural beauty.
• Vibrant Markets: Discover local flavors.
• Nightlife: Enjoy diverse entertainment.

Almaty, with its rich culture and scenic backdrop, is truly the cultural heart of Kazakhstan.

Ile-Alatau National Park: Nature’s Playground

Ile-Alatau National Park, established in 1996, is a stunning natural attraction in Kazakhstan. Located just south of Almaty, it spans around 200,000 hectares. The park’s diverse landscape features woodlands, alpine meadows, glaciers, and lakes. This makes it a paradise for nature lovers.

The park is home to about 300 wildlife species, including the rare snow leopard. Visitors can explore numerous hiking trails that offer picturesque views of waterfalls and glaciers. These trails wind through vibrant apricot, maple, and apple trees, showcasing the park’s rich biodiversity.

Ile-Alatau National Park is not only a haven for wildlife but also a top tourist destination. In 2022, it welcomed approximately 628,000 visitors. This makes it one of Kazakhstan’s most popular sites for those seeking natural beauty. Whether you are hiking or wildlife watching, this park offers an unforgettable experience amid the natural wonders of Kazakhstan.

For a more detailed look at what you can discover, here’s a quick list:

• Alpine Lakes
• Scenic Waterfalls
• Diverse Wildlife
• Glaciers
• Vibrant Woodlands

Ile-Alatau National Park is truly a must-visit for anyone traveling through the Central Asian landscapes.

Kolsai Lakes: The Jewel of the Mountains

Kolsai Lakes, known as the Pearls of the Northern Tien Shan, are a breathtaking trio of alpine lakes in southeastern Kazakhstan. Nestled near the Kyrgyzstan border, these lakes are famous for their crystal-clear waters. When sunlight graces the surface, the waters mirror the surrounding forests, hills, and snowy peaks.

Located about 250 kilometers from Almaty, Kolsai Lakes National Park offers nature lovers a variety of outdoor adventures. Hiking, bouldering, and camping are popular activities. A challenging yet rewarding hike connects the lower and upper lakes with stunning scenic views.

For those seeking charm beyond the landscape, the park also provides ample amenities. Tourists can enjoy horseback riding and explore numerous campsites. The natural attractions make it a favored destination for those eager to escape into the Kazakh steppe’s beauty.

Here’s a quick glance at the highlights of Kolsai Lakes:

Kolsai Lakes truly embody the natural wonders of Kazakhstan, offering unforgettable experiences for all who visit.

Charyn Canyon: A Geological Wonder

Charyn Canyon, often called the Grand Canyon of Kazakhstan, stretches over 154 kilometers. This stunning natural attraction is known for its dramatic cliffs that plunge 300 meters. These cliffs reveal colorful layers sculpted by erosion over millions of years. Visitors can explore several key sections: the Valley of Castles, Charyn Eco Park, and various smaller canyons.

The canyon is a paradise for nature lovers. Its breathtaking scenery makes it ideal for adventurous travelers, photographers, and wildlife enthusiasts. Common activities include:

• Hiking the winding trails
• Rafting along the Charyn River
• Spotting unique wildlife

Charyn Canyon’s diverse natural beauty attracts visitors from around the globe. Whether you seek adventure or peaceful landscapes, this geological wonder in Kazakhstan offers something for everyone.

Lake Kaindy: The Enchanting Underwater Forest

Lake Kaindy is a hidden gem in Kazakhstan, located 2,000 meters above sea level. This stunning lake stretches 400 meters in length and was formed by an earthquake-triggered landslide in 1911. Famous for its submerged forest of Schrenks spruce trees, the lake is a magnet for photographers and nature lovers alike.

The clear waters, filled with fresh mountain river water, make the submerged tree roots visible. Lake Kaindy reaches a depth of nearly 30 meters. In summer, the lake’s temperature peaks at a brisk 6 degrees Celsius, while winter brings frozen sections ideal for ice diving.

Lake Kaindy is not just a visual treasure; it offers activities like trout fishing, making it a perfect spot for outdoor enthusiasts. Here’s a quick glimpse of what makes this lake special:

• Altitude: 2,000 meters
• Length: 400 meters
• Water Temperature: Up to 6°C in summer
• Depth: Nearly 30 meters

With its natural beauty and unique features, Lake Kaindy is a must-see for anyone exploring Kazakhstan’s Almaty district.

Turkistan: A Historical Gem

Turkistan, a major pilgrimage site in Kazakhstan, is revered for its rich history and spiritual significance. At its heart lies the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a Sufi saint from the Timurid era. This mausoleum is a testament to the city’s deep spiritual roots.

Located near the Syr Darya river, Turkistan sits 160 kilometers northwest of Shymkent. For travelers, it’s accessible by a scenic 20-hour train journey from Almaty. Walking through Turkistan is like stepping back in time. Its stone structures have stood unchanged for centuries, offering a glimpse into the past.

Key Attractions:

• Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi: A significant spiritual site.
• The Tomb of Timur: Showcases historical architecture.
• Mausoleums of Kazakh Khans: Honors Kazakhstan’s leaders.
• Medieval Bathhouse: Reflects historical heritage.

As the spiritual capital of the Turkic world, Turkistan holds a special place in Central Asian history. Its mosaic of ancient architecture draws visitors into a world where past and present meet. For history enthusiasts and pilgrims alike, Turkistan offers an unforgettable journey through time.

Baikonur Cosmodrome: Gateway to the Cosmos

Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world’s first and largest space launch facility. It holds historical significance as the launch site for Yuri Gagarin’s first human spaceflight in 1961. Additionally, it hosted the launches of Sputnik 1 and Vostok 1. The site is jointly operated by Kazakhstan and Russia, marking a key collaboration in space exploration.

Located in the remote Kazakh steppes, Baikonur remains an active hub for modern space travel. Visitors can observe space launches firsthand through guided tours. However, gaining access requires a costly and special permit.

Key Attractions at Baikonur Cosmodrome:

• Yuri Gagarin’s Historic Launch Site
• Facilities for Modern Space Launches
• Guided Tours and Observations

For those interested in space, this site offers a rare five-day tour leading up to an actual rocket launch. Baikonur stands as a testament to both Soviet space history and current advancements. Whether for history buffs or space enthusiasts, it offers an unforgettable experience in the heart of Kazakhstan’s vast landscapes.

Astana: A City of Modern Marvels

Astana, now called Nur-Sultan, is a shining beacon of modern architecture in Kazakhstan. This capital city has grown rapidly since 1997 and is known for its futuristic skyline. Among the standout structures is the Bayterek Tower, symbolizing the mythological Tree of Life. Visitors can climb up for panoramic views of the city.

Must-See Attractions in Astana:

1. Bayterek Tower: Offers stunning city views.
2. Khan Shatyr: A tent-shaped shopping center with shops and restaurants.
3. Palace of Peace and Reconciliation: A glass pyramid promoting interfaith dialogue.
4. National Museum of Kazakhstan: Displays ancient artifacts and contemporary culture.

In addition to these attractions, Khan Shatyr provides a unique shopping and dining experience under its massive tent-shaped structure. The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation stands as a symbol of harmony, showcasing impressive modern design. To understand Kazakhstan’s past and present, a visit to the National Museum of Kazakhstan is essential. It features ancient and contemporary exhibits, reflecting the nation’s diverse culture.

Astana beautifully blends tradition with modernity, making it a fascinating destination for travelers.

Shymkent: A Blend of Tradition and Progress

Shymkent, Kazakhstan’s third-largest city, blends tradition and modernity beautifully. Located near the borders of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, it is a vibrant hub of industry and culture. Shymkent has a rich history as a vital trade center between nomads and settlers. You can witness this legacy in its historic sites, such as the Koshkar Ata mosque.

For food lovers, Shymkent is a paradise. The city is renowned for its culinary scene, especially its delicious shashlik (kebabs). The affordable and less crowded atmosphere makes it a perfect spot for travelers seeking an authentic experience.

Nature lovers will find Shymkent a great base to explore nearby attractions. Just a short distance away, the Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve awaits. As Kazakhstan’s oldest preserve, it offers guided tours into its stunning landscapes. Additionally, visitors can explore the ancient Aisha Bibi Mausoleum and Arystan Bab Mausoleum.

Here’s a quick look at the highlights:

Shymkent is truly a testament to Kazakhstan’s fascinating mix of tradition and progress.

Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Turkestan, South Kazakhstan, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in 1389 by Timur, this masterpiece remains unfinished because of his death in 1405. Its art and architecture reflect the Timurid era’s beauty and complexity.

Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a revered Turkic Sufi saint, was instrumental in spreading Islam in Central Asia. His mausoleum is an important pilgrimage destination, drawing thousands of visitors each year. This site not only holds spiritual significance but also embodies Kazakh national identity.

The mausoleum dazzles with its blue and turquoise tile work, showcasing the exceptional architectural skill of the time. As a symbol of cultural heritage, it continues to inspire awe and reverence. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or a lover of intricate designs, the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi promises a captivating journey into the past.